since it combines a forward motion and a semi-circular one. One of the most serious modern misconceptions about the trade or cavazione is that of equating it with a circular parry. This idea originated in the 19th Century, when the first fencing historians such as Castle researched old martial arts texts in order to find the supposed "family tree of contemporary fencing techniques. The classical Italian rapier cavazione is not a parry, although it can incorporate one if the tactical situation calls for it.

"trade) the action of exchanging or switching sides on the opponent's sword, from left to right or vice versa, under or over, without making contact with it.

English, An imaginary reference line that divides the opponent down the center within the fighter's line of sight. This line is used in both attack and defense, and is also used as a reference from which to judge the direction or the opponent's pressure amidst trapping sequences.

Thai, Floating ribs, a target in Thai Boxing.

1. Thai, "I am from the U.S.,"

2. Thai, "I can't speak Thai."

1. Chinese, internal energy. Sometimes spelled Ch'i. In Japanese, Ki, this term also refers to Wisdom. Many cultures have a term to describe this concept, which is also known as Astral Light, Arealoha, Archeus, Baraka, Bioenergy, Bioplasma, Qi, Ki, Ecknakar, Elma, God, Huna, Ka, Kerei, Mana, Mumia, Mungo, Nervous Ether, Numen, Odic Force, Orenda, Paraelectricity, Pneuma, Prana, Reiki, Spiritus, Syntropy, Tinh, Tondi, Vis Naturalis, and Wakan.

2. A biophysical energy generated through breathing techniques studied in Chi Gung, Kung Fu, and other martial practices. Ideally, Chi can infuse a person with tremendous vitality and make him or her extremely powerful in action, much moreso than power developed through the muscular system alone.

Cantonese, Sticking Hands, A drill used in the Jun Fan Martial Arts and Wing Chun Kung Fu, a drill designed to create an awareness of pressures involved in trapping, while developing intuitive response patterns for offense and defense in this paradigm.

Cantonese, a punch-pushes low line then advances along a higher line, allowing the resistance of the opponent's limbs to aim for you. Used in the Jun Fan Martial Arts. Sometimes referred to as the "Second knuckle fist."

Cantonese, vertical knuckle punch used in the Jun Fan Martial Arts. This involves keeping the elbow close to centerline in order to increase hip power generation, and to maximize on trapping/deflecting potential in the course of striking.

English, A grappling term, "Tighter and tighter" - To tighten one's grip more securely, to close off space, or to close off the opponent's ability to breath by leaning in with one's weight.

English, The Clinch represents the act of closing from striking or trapping range, to a distance of inches, in such close quarters, takedowns and throwing attacks become primary. This often involves being hip to hip with one's opponent.

A type of dense hardwood native to the Philippines, often used in the production of weapons for use in the Filipino Martial Arts. Like Kamagong, Cocobolo is one of the densest, heaviest woods known.

Italian, (counter time) The action of beating the opponent as he tries to take advantage of a tempo you create.

; he attacks (= "attack of tempo), but, by doing so he himself makes a tempo; you are able to strike at him (with or without parrying) and save yourself.

From the Spanish, a term used in the Filipino Martial Arts to represent Short Range, where indirect strikes, trapping and close range strikes are predominant.

English, In grappling, to apply pressure to the opponent's neck causing pain and discomfort, eliciting a movement response.

in renaissance cut & thrust swordsmanship, there are 8 primary cuts (diagonal, horizontal and vertical delivered up or down, right or left, using primarily the true-edge).

These are blows of the edge as opposed to stabs with the point. Depending on the circumstance and blade used, they may or may not be intended as wounding actions. In order to specifically classify a cut, Maestri tended to use all three identifying criteria: general direction, specific direction and delivery method (not unlikely biology's Family, Genus and Species). For example, a wide swinging cut landing horizontally on the opponent's right side should be classified as a riverso tondo from the shoulder.